ABSTRACT
Aim: Many medicinal plants have been used traditionally in treating ailments in humans and animals. However, for most of herbal remedies, no scientific toxicity profiles exist in literature. In this study, the safety profile of an herbal extract mixture containing Entada leptostachya (EL) and Prosopis juliflora (PJ) was determined using acute oral toxicity tests using adult female Wistar albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratories in the departments of Chemistry, Zoology, Botany and Biochemistry of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (J.K.U.A.T.) between March 2012 and April 2012. Methodology: The OECD 425 guidelines (Up-and-Down procedure) were followed. Different dosages (control, 175, 550, 1750 and 5000 mg/kg body weight) were used in the experiment. Selective observations and analysis were made and recorded on mortality, signs of pain or distress and moribund animals, biochemical and macroscopic (pathological, organ and live body weights) analyses. Results: During the entire period of the study, no signs of pain or enduring distress were observed neither was there any mortality. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were within range (for experimental rats) apart from the rat in control while Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were within range (for experimental rat) apart from two rats in the upper limit. Macroscopic organ observations did not show colour or texture consistent with drug-induced inflammation or lesions. The toxicity studies of the extract mixture showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) was above the upper limit of 5000mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: In conclusion, the LD50 of the extract mixture was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and was, therefore, considered safe and has potential as a novel herbal preparation.
ABSTRACT
Reportamos por primera vez la presencia del nematodo, Serratospiculum tendo Nitzsch, 1819, parasitando los sacos aéreos de un halcón peregrino (Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771). Seis nematodos (2 machos y 4 hembras) fueron colectados e identificados como S. tendo. El hallazgo de este nematodo constituye el primer registro en el Perú
We report for first time the presence of nematode, Serratospiculum tendo Nitzsch, 1819, parasitizing air sacs of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771). Six nematodes (2 males and 4 females) were collected and identified as S. tendo. The discovery of this nematode is the first record in Peru
ABSTRACT
A prospective study of 2 groups of 30 healthy adult subjects was done. In group A (without diazepam), 33. 3% had fasciculations while Group B (with diazepam) had an incidence of 6.66% after intravenous succinylcholine. No postoperative muscle pain was observed in 13.3% subjects in Group A (without diazepam) compared to 60% in Group B (with diazepam). The intensity of muscle fasciculations does not appear to be related to the severity of pain. Group A (without diazepam) showed a significant increase in serum potassium following IV succinylcholine while group B (with diazepam) did not. CPK levels wee significantly increased in both groups. Adequacy of relaxation for intubation was not affected by diazepam.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Succinylcholine , Diazepam , Succinylcholine , Potassium , Intubation , Creatine KinaseABSTRACT
The objectives of these case review are: 1. To evaluate the incidence of respiratory tract injury in burn patients; 2. To determine the bases in the diagnosis of pulmonary injury resulting from burns; 3. To assess the common signs and symptoms in patients who died of pulmonary complications after burn injury; 4. and, to correlate the advantages of early diagnosis and intubation on the mortality rate of burn patients.